茆 巍

（广东财经大学法学院，广东广州 510320）

【摘 要】在检验史上，清代首次全面要求州县及各负有初验职责的地方衙门配有仵作，并从待遇、考核、激励等一系列制度上作了规定。从史料来看，清代的仵作配备逐渐到位，但是素质离官方要求仍有一定距离，其收入除工食银外，相当部分还来源于漏规。同时，因传统官僚体制的影响，虽服役公门，关系甚重，但因可能作弊，身处贱位，而时时需被官员防范。

【关键词】清代；仵作；检验；法庭科学史；法医学

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2014）02-0234-12

Important Role in a Low Position: a Study on the Wuzuo in the Government Office of Qing Dynasty. Mao Wei Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320

【Abstract】It was in Qing Dynasty that a series of regulations and laws were, for the first time in china’s history of necropsy, put into force uniformly, concerning the wages, evaluations and incentives system of an administrative occupation—Wuzuo. According to laws by then, Wuzuos should be designated to all provinces, counties, and other governments with duties of initial necropsy. According to history records, although Wuzuos had been gradually put in places in Qing Dynasty, their qualities did not always meet official requirements. Besides regular wage, certain revenue of Wuzuos sourced from regulation loopholes. In the meanwhile, although this position was crucial to necropsy in homicide cases, their status in traditional bureaucratic system was low. Even though they were serving government, they were always guarded against to prevent cheating by officeholders by then.

【Key Words】Qing Dynasty, Wuzuo, Necropsy, History of Forensic Science, Forensic Medicine