—兼评最高人民法院刑事指导案例第656号

周洪波 熊晓彪

（西南民族大学法学院，成都 610041）

【摘 要】证明领域是一个极其重要且十分复杂的领域。长期以来，国内对此领域的研究虽不可谓不多，并且已发展出一套事实认定之“中国模式”对司法实务人员进行指导。然而，该模式却是单薄且含混的，缺乏一套系统且融贯性的基础理论以及实用性范式，难以有效、全面地解决证明领域的疑难问题，最终导致事实认定趋于保守。西方在证明领域的做法值得借鉴“。证据科学”作为一门以推论性推理为核心的具有独立且融贯性的跨学科知识之学科正在西方形成，并发展出了“改良版威格摩尔图示法”这样一种较为实用的证据分析方法，专门用于对复杂案件中混杂证据群进行分析。运用“改良版威格摩尔图示法”对最高人民法院刑事指导案例第656号进行具体剖析，根据该案的已有证据能够对争议性事实形成真实确信;据此，可以看到事实认定之“中国模式”的问题。改良版威格摩尔图示法对我国证据学及实践具有重要的启示意义。

【关键词】证据认知分析；改良版威格摩尔图示法；事实认定之中国模式；刑事指导案例第656号

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2015）05-0588-23

Improved version of wigmore’s chart method: an effective approach of the cognitive analysis of evidence——And comments on the guide criminal case No. 656 of the supreme court

【Abstract】Proof is an issue that is extremely important and very complex. A lot of research has been done in this field in China during the past long time. Also, it has been developed a set of “Chinese Model” proof standard in fact finding.However, this model is both thin and vague. Due to the lack of a systematic and coherent fundamental theory and a practical pattern, it is hard to apply the Chinese Model to effectively and comprehensively solve the puzzling problems in the field of proof. Eventually the Chinese Model will lead the fact-finding process to the conservative trend. Western practice in the field of proof is worth learning. In the western, Evidence Science is under the development of becoming an independent discipline, which is grounded on the inferential reasoning and maintains coherent interdisciplinary knowledge. It has been developed an improved version of Wigmore’s chart method, which is a more functional method of evidence analysis. This method is specifically functional in conducting the analysis of mixed evidence group in the complex cases. This article will apply the improved version Wigmore’s chart method to analyze the Supreme Court Guiding Criminal Cases No. 656. In accordance, the analysis will demonstrate that, based on the existing evidence, the Wigmore’s method will help to extract the assurance of the truth from the controversial facts. Accordingly, the functional application of Wigmore’s method in factfinding indicates that there are unavoidable problems existing in the Chinese model in fact-finding. Finally, this article briefly expounds the enlightenment given by the experience of improved version of Wigmore’s chart method.

【Key Words】Cognitive analysis of evidence, Improved version of Wigmore’s chart method, The Chinese model of fact finding, The guiding criminal cases No. 656