王 彪

（西南政法大学诉讼法与司法改革研究中心，重庆 401120）

【摘 要】非法证据排除规则的运行过程中，有一个至今仍未受到足够关注但却非常重要的问题即被排除的非法证据对法官心证的影响。研究表明，被排除的非法证据对定罪量刑均有一定程度的影响，这种影响要么是潜移默化的，要么是刻意的。作为证据使用的资格与定案根据资格不分，一元法庭与全案诉讼卷宗移送以及判决书说理不足是非法证据影响法官心证的具体制度方面的因素，公检法三机关在长期的司法实践中形成的“紧密配合、协同作战”的一体化司法体制是非法证据影响法官心证的体制性因素。消除非法证据对法官心证的影响，需从具体制度与宏观体制等多个方面进行有针对性的变革与调整。

【关键词】被排除的非法证据；潜移默化的影响；刻意的影响；具体制度；体制因素

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2015）04-0400-14

The adverse influence of illegally obtained evidence to the judges’ evaluation and how to eliminate it. Wang Biao, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing 401120

【Abstract】In the process of excluding illegally obtained evidence, there is a very severe problem – the adverse influence of the excluded illegal evidence – which has not been received enough attention. Studies have shown that the excluded illegal evidence has adverse influence on adjudicator’s discretional evaluation of conviction sentencing and this influence is either deliberate or subtle. Confounding the admissibility of evidence and the probative value of evidence in verdict, the unitary system of court, the whole file transfer system in litigation and inadequate verdict reasoning are the institutional causations that illegally obtained evidence affects judges’ discretional evaluation, while the integration of the judicial system among the police, procuratorate and the court is the systematic causation. In order to remove the adverse influence of illegal obtained evidence to judges’ evaluation, specific reforms and adjustments need to be done from numerous aspects including the specific institutional level and the macro systematic level.

【Key Words】 Excluded illegal evidence, Be unconsciously influenced, Be deliberately influenced, Specific systems, Institutional factors