—基于北京市三级法院司法文书的分析

刘兰秋 赵 然

（1.首都医科大学卫生管理与教育学院，北京 100069 ；2.北京大学第三医院人事处，北京 100191）

【摘 要】医疗纠纷具有较强的专业性，这决定了鉴定在医疗民事诉讼中的重要地位。本文以北京市法院 2013 年度一审审结的医疗损害责任纠纷案件为样本，分析了医疗诉讼中的鉴定实况，指出法官和当事人均存在较为严重的“鉴定依赖”倾向，鉴定活动大多未遵循就“专门性问题”进行“专业评议”与“同行鉴定”的原则，医疗鉴定的性质定位与功能认识存在偏差，鉴定权与审判权的分野模糊，庭审对鉴定意见的质证不充分，法官对鉴定意见的评价能力不足。在此基础上，提出了改革与重构我国医疗诉讼鉴定制度的路径与建议。

【关键词】医疗诉讼；鉴定制度；实证研究；北京市；司法文书

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2015）02-0224-15

Empirical research on the appraisal system of medical lawsuits: based on analysis of judicial documents from the three levels of courts in beijing city. Liu Lanqiu, Zhao Ran. School of Health Administration and Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China; 2) Human Resources Department, Peking University 3rd Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China

【Abstract】Medical dispute often is highly specialized, which determines the important position of forensic examination (or appraisal) in civil actions in medical lawsuits. This article based on concluded cases of the court of first instance on medical damage liability disputes in Beijing in 2013 as samples, analyzes the appraisal of medical litigation in reality, points out that both judges and the litigation parties have a strong tendency to rely upon identification, appraisal activities have not followed the principles of “professional review” on “special problems” and “peer appraisal”, and there exist deviations in understandings of the nature and function of medical appraisal, the fuzzy between appraisal rights and the judicial power in adjudication, inadequate examination of expert opinion at trial, lacking the ability to evaluate the judgment of expert opinion by judges. Based on all these, we put forward the reform and reconstruction proposals, and suggestions of the identification of medical litigation system in China.

【Key Words】Medical lawsuits, Appraisal system, Empirical research