刘 鑫^1，2，3  方玉叶^1，3

（1．中国政法大学“2011”司法文明协同创新中心，北京 100088；2．中国政法大学 证据科学教 育部重点实验室，北京 100088；3中国政法大学医药法律与伦理研究中心，北京 100088）

【摘 要】司法鉴定意见在诉讼中的地位和作用有增无减，往往是诉讼成败的关键证据，亟需第三方 的监督，所以鉴定程序引入见证制度及见证人是必然的。文中针对司法鉴定见证制度加以分析研究，着 重分析刑事诉讼中和司法鉴定通则新旧版关于见证制度的详细规定及历史演进，发现见证规定仅限于比 较狭窄的鉴定项目、而且见证人身份性质不明确、权利义务不明晰等问题，这些情况都不利于鉴定意见 在诉讼中审查、质证。本文提出一些改进，如明确司法鉴定见证人身份和资格，明确司法鉴定见证性质， 细化见证程序及内容等，致力于完善司法鉴定见证制度。

【关键词】司法鉴定；见证规定；见证人；司法鉴定通则；刑事诉讼

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2016）04-0399-12

Research on the witnessing of judicial forensic appraisal. Liu Xin^1，2，3 Fang Yuye². 1.China University of Political Science and Law (CUPL) Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088; 2.CUPL Key Laboratory for Evidence Science of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100088; 3.Pharmaceutical Law and Ethics of CUPL, Beijing, 100088.

【Abstract】Judicial forensic appraisal opinion, with its position and function continuing to strengthen, is often the critical evidence in litigations and urgently in need of supervision from a third party. Thus, it is inevitable to introduce the witnessing system and eyewitnesses into forensic appraisal procedures. This paper does research on the witnessing system of judicial forensic appraisal, focusing on analysis of specific provisions and historical development regarding witnessing system in the P.R.C. Criminal Procedure Law and General Rules of Forensic Appraisal Procedures (old and new versions). There are problems, like provisions of witnessing limited to relatively narrow appraisal item, ambiguity of the nature of eyewitness’ identity and uncertainty of eyewitnesses’ rights and obligations, etc., all of which are not conducive to the review and confrontation of forensic appraisal opinions in litigations. Committed to improve the witnessing system of judicial forensic appraisal, this paper proposes certain improvements, including defining the identity and qualification of eyewitnesses and the nature of the witnessing system, refining the procedures and content of witnessing and so on.

【Key Words】 Judicial forensic appraisal, Witnessing provisions, Eyewitness, General rules of forensic appraisal procedures, Criminal proceedings