[美]苏珊·哈克 著 邓晓霞 译

【摘 要】本文第一部分解释为何评价专家证据的效力会存在特殊的认识论困境。第二部分追溯不同规则和程序的历史，美国法律制度通过这些规则和程序尽力保障或控制严重依赖的专家证据的质量—从Frye规则、联邦证据规则、Daubert三部曲到近代专家证人出庭的宪法案件，法庭指定专家的试验以及法官科学教育。第三和最后一部分指出从这些有限的成功经验中吸取的教训，并且探索未来更好的策略。

【关键词】认识论；美国专家证据的法律规定；Frye 规则；Daubert 三部曲 ; 法庭指定专家；Melendez- Diaz及其衍生案；法庭科学

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2016）03-0334-18

The expert witness: lessons from the U.S. experience. Susan Haack, Translated by Deng Xiaoxia. East China University of Political Science and Law, Shang Hai 200042

【Abstract】The first section of this paper explains why assessing the worth of expert testimony poses special epistemological difficulties. The second traces the history of the various rules and procedures by means of which the U.S. legal system has tried to ensure, or at least control, the quality of the expert testimony on which it so often relies—from the Frye Rule, the Federal Rules of Evidence, and the Daubert trilogy to recent constitutional cases regarding the appearance of forensic witnesses in court and experiments with court-appointed experts and scientific education for judges. The third and final section suggests some lessons to be learned from the limited success of these efforts, and explores what might be better strategies going forward.

【Key Words】 Epistemology, U.S. law on expert witnesses, Frye rule, Daubert trilogy, Court-appointed experts, Melendez-Diaz and its progeny, Forensic science