马陈骏 杜志淳

（华东政法大学刑事司法学院，上海 200042）

【摘 要】任何证据的采信与适用都必须符合相应的准则，鉴定意见亦不例外。随着科学技术的发展，鉴定实施过程的鉴别与判断越发的科学与客观，鉴定意见的文字表述也更加专业。但审鉴双方的专业背景差异却是不争的事实，这导致法官适用科学证据时难免出现因认知局限而伴生的困惑与误解。因此，构建法官对于鉴定意见表述的解释与适用规则有利于从现实角度解决证据适用难题，从而更好的揭露案情真相、维护法律尊严，完善科学证据的监督体系。在此背景下，本文试以探究常见鉴定意见的表述涵义，讨论法官适用科学证据过程中存有疑义的各类情形，据此分析民事诉讼中常见鉴定意见的适用规则。

【关键词】鉴定意见；证据适用；民事诉讼；表述模式

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2019）05-0562-15

An study on the expression and applicability of judicial appraisal opinions in civil proceedings. Ma Chenjun, Du Zhichun. School of Criminal Justice, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042, China.

【Abstract】The admissibility and application of any evidence must comply with the certain criteria, and the appraisal opinions are no exception. With the development of science and technology, the authentication and judgment of the appraisal procedure becomes more scientific and objective, as well as the written expression of the appraisal opinion is more professional. However, as the result of a clear distinction in the knowledge background between the judges and the appraisers, the confusion and misunderstanding due to cognitive limitations inevitably arises when judges assess scientific evidences. Therefore, the construction of the interpretation and application rules of the appraisal opinions for judges facilitates solving problems in adopting evidence from a realistic perspective, with a better exposure to the truth of the case, a more effective maintenance of authority on law and improvement of the supervision system of scientific evidence. In response to these abovementioned issues, this paper attempts to explore the expression of common appraisal opinions, discussing various situations in which the court has doubts in the adopting scientific evidence, thus to analyze the applicable rules hereof in civil proceedings.

【Key Words】 Judicial appraisal opinions, Adoption of evidence, Civil proceeding, Expression mode