贺红强

（西北政法大学刑事法学院，陕西西安 710122）

【摘 要】我国刑事司法精神病鉴定承载着评定刑事责任能力的重任。法官面临认证困境，法官对鉴定意见高度依赖，能动空间不足，能动效果不佳。认证困境原因有三：一是主客观因素交织导致精神病鉴定更容易出现错误和分歧；二是辩方参与不足导致控辩有效对抗不足，难以化解法官认证难题；三是法官并不主导整体鉴定工作，缺乏得力助手。提升法官的认证能力是大势所趋，应当通过招录与培训使部分法官兼具法学与司法精神病学知识背景；引入专家陪审制度直接加强裁判者认证能力，拓展专家辅助人角色使其充当法官助手。通过诉讼程序完善实质平等武装控辩双方，缓解法官认证压力。

【关键词】司法精神病鉴定；刑事责任能力；鉴定意见；认证

【中图分类号】D915.13

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1674-1226（2020）03-0272-16

The certification dilemmas and institutional path of criminal judicial psychiatric examinations. He Hongqiang. Northwest University of Political Science and Law, Shaanxi Xi’an 710063, China.

【Abstract】The judicial psychiatric examination in China takes on the important task of assessing criminal capacity. The judge faces following dilemmas of certification: the judge is highly dependent on the appraisal opinion, the space for the judge to certify appraisal opinion is not sufficient enough and the result of it is not effective enough. There are three reasons for such dilemmas. First, the interweaving of subjective and objective factors makes psychiatric examinations more prone to occurrence of errors and disagreement. Second, the insufficient participation of the criminal defense leads to ineffective confrontation, which makes it difficult to solve problems in authentication by the judge. Third, the judge does not lead the overall appraisal work and has no knowledgeable assistants. It is on trend to improve the judge’s ability of authentication by recruiting and training judges with knowledge background of law and judicial psychiatry, introducing the expert jury system to strengthen judge’s capacity, and expanding the role of expert assistant as the judge’s assistant. The authentication pressure put on judges can be eased by equally arming the prosecution and the defense through improving litigation procedures.

【Key Words】Judicial psychiatric examination; Criminal responsibility; Appraisal opinion; Authentication