李雅健¹  郑飞²

(1. 中国政法大学证据科学研究院，北京 100088;2. 北京交通大学法学院，北京 100044)

　　【摘 要】 无论是大陆法系还是英美法系国家，证据保管过程中关键证据的隐匿、丢失、污染和损毁，都是导致部分案件无法定罪甚至造成刑事冤假错案的重要原因之一。相较于国外，诸多冤假错案反映出我国刑事诉讼中的证据保管更为混乱，存在证据保管基础理论缺失，证据保管操作立法混乱，违反证据保管义务的法律责任规定模糊，以及证据保管体制混乱等问题。对此，应进一步深入研究证据保管的基础理论，优化诉讼终结前和终结后的证据保管制度，厘清违反证据保管义务的法律责任规定，并完善现行证据保管体制。

　　【关键词】证据保管;基本要求;保管链条;保存处理;法律责任;保管体制

　　【中图分类号】D915.13

　　【文献标识码】A

　　【文章编号】1674-1226(2019)01-0035-18

　　Chaos and reshape: Chain of custody management in Chinese criminal cases. Li Yajian. Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088. Zheng Fei. Law School, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044.

　　【Abstract】 In countries following either common law or civil law, one of the important reasons for acquittals or wrongful convictions is the concealment, loss, contamination and damage of crucial evidence in the continuous procession of evidence. Numerous wrongful convictions suggest, compared with foreign countries, chain of custody management in criminal cases encounters bigger chaos in China. Currently in China, fundamental theory of Chain of custody has not been established. Legislation on chain of custody is in chaos. The legal liability for breaking chain of custody is ambiguous. The chain of custody management system is also in chaos. Therefore, study on the fundamental theory of chain of custody should be furthered. Legislation on chain of custody applied both before and after the termination of litigation should be optimized. Legal liability for breach of chain of custody should be specified. Current chain of custody management system should be improved.

　　【Key Words】 Chain of custody, Basic requirements, Preservation and handling, Legal liability, Chain of custody management system