郑飞¹　柴鹏²

(1. 北京交通大学法学院，北京 100044;2. 北京知识产权法院，北京 100097)

　　【摘 要】 证据推理是分析证据基本属性并运用证据认定案件事实的活动。证据推理是一种经验推论，本质上是寻求事实真相的最佳解释推论活动，包含着价值考量，其结果具有似真性和可错性，其功能在于实现从证据到证成的转变。图示法通过符号展示类型化的证据及其导出最终待证事实的推论过程，叙事理论主要以讲故事方式展现不同案件事实，混合法则将上述二者结合起来进行证据推理。重视证据收集和保管、多种推理方法的运用等可以在一定程度上解决证据推理所面临的一些困境。

　　【关键词】证据推理;经验推论;图示法;叙事理论;困境与出路

　　【中图分类号】D915.13

　　【文献标识码】A

　　【文章编号】1674-1226(2019)03-0275-14

　　The nature and method of evidential reasoning. Zheng Fei1, Chai Peng2. 1.Law School, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044; 2.Beijing Intellectual Property Court, Beijing 100097.

　　【Abstract】 Evidential reasoning analyzes the basic properties of evidence and use evidence in fact-finding. Evidential reasoning is a process of empirical inference and essentially activity of inference to the best explanation, which seeks for the truth. It contains value considerations and its results are plausible and fallible. Evidential reasoning is to realize the transformation from evidence to justification. Chart method shows categorical evidence and the process of reasoning for the factum probandum; narrative approach reveals different versions of the fact of case through story-telling; the mixed method combines the chart method and narrative approach. Attaching importance to the collection and custody of evidence as well as making use of various reasoning methods will at some degree resolve the dilemma evidential reasoning is facing.

　　【Key Words】 Evidential reasoning, Empirical inference, Chart method, Narrative approach, Dilemma and solutions